Katherine Swynford Mistress Then Wife of John of Gaunt

Known for: Katherine Swynford was the governess of the children of John of Gaunt, then his mistress, and finally his wife.   John of Gaunt was a son of King Edward III of England.   Katherine Swynford was, through the children she had with John of Gaunt before their marriage, an ancestor of the Beaufort family, key players in such British historical events as the Wars of the Roses and the rise of the Tudors. She was an ancestor of Henry VII, the first Tudor King. Dates: about 1350 - May 10, 1403.   Her birthday may have been November 25,  which is the feast day of St. Catherine of Alexandria. Also known as:  Katherine Roet, Katherine de Roet, Katherine (de) Roà «t, Katherine (de) Roelt, Katherine Synford Early Life Katherine Swynford was born about 1350. Her father, Sir Payn Roelt, was a knight in Hainaut who went to England as part of the retinue of Philippa of Hainaut when she married Edward III of England. In 1365, Katherine was serving Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, the wife of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of Edward III. Katherine married a tenant of John of Gaunt, Sir Hugh Swynford. Hugh accompanied John of Gaunt to Europe in 1366 and 1370. Hugh and Katherine had at least two (some say three) children, Sir Thomas Swynford, Blanche, and probably Margaret. Relationship to John of Gaunt In 1368, Johns first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, died, and Katherine Swynford became the governess for Blanche and Johns children. The next year, John married Constance of Castile in September. In November of 1371, Sir Hugh died. In the spring of 1372, there were signs of Katherines increased status in the dukes household, probably signaling the start of their affair. Katherine gave birth to four children from 1373 to 1379, acknowledged as children of John of Gaunt. She also continued as governess for the Dukes daughters Philippa and Elizabeth. In 1376, Johns oldest brother, heir apparent Edward known as the Black Prince, died. In 1377, Johns father Edward III died. Johns nephew, Richard II succeeded as king at 10 years old. Also in 1377, the Duke granted Katherine title to two manors. The reaction was negative: John had been serving as de facto regent for his father and older brother; he was an active advisor to his nephew though he had been explicitly excluded from any such formal office. John was laying the groundwork to claim title to the crown of Spain through this marriage (he finally landed an army in Spain in 1386). Also in 1381 was the Peasants Revolt. So, probably to protect his popularity, in June of 1381 John formally renounced his relationship with Katherine and made peace with his wife. Katherine left in September, moving first to her late husbands home in Kettlethorpe and then to a town house in Lincoln that she rented. Through the 1380s, there is a record of regular but discreet contact between Katherine and John. She was even frequently at his court. Marriage and Legitimization Constance died in March of 1394. Suddenly, and apparently without notice to his royal relatives, John of Gaunt married Katherine Swynford in January of 1396. This marriage then allowed for their children to be legitimized, achieved through a September 1396 papal bull and a February 1397 royal patent. The patent bestowed the patronym Beaufort on the four offspring of John and Katherine. The patent also specified that the Beauforts and their heirs were excluded from the royal succession. Later Life John died in February of 1399, and Katherine returned to Lincoln. His nephew Richard II took over Johns estates, which eventually led Johns son, Henry Bolingroke, in October of 1399 to take the crown from Richard and rule as Henry IV. This Lancaster claim to the throne was later threatened when Richard, Duke of York, displaced Henry VI, grandson of Henry IV, the beginning of the Wars of the Roses. Katherine Swynford died in Lincoln in 1403 and was buried in the cathedral there. Daughter Joan Beaufort and Her Descendants In 1396, Joan Beaufort married Ralph Neville, then Baron Neville of Raby, later Earl of Westmorland, an advantageous marriage. This was her second marriage. Around 1413, Joan met the mystic Margery Kempe, and, in a later controversy, Margery was accused of meddling in the marriage of Joans daughter. Joans husband Ralph helped depose Richard II in 1399. Joans grandson Edward deposed Henry VI and ruled as Edward IV, first Yorkish king in the Wars of the Roses. Another of her grandsons, Richard III, followed Edward IV as king when Richard III put Edwards son, Edward V, and his younger brother Richard in the Tower, after which they disappeared. Catherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VIII, was also a descendant of Joan Beaufort. Son John Beaufort and His Descendants John Beauforts son, also named John, was the father of Margaret Beaufort, whose first husband was Edmund Tudor. The son of Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor  took the crown of England by right of conquest, as Henry VII, the first Tudor king. Henry married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV and thus  a descendant of Joan Beaufort. The elder John Beauforts daughter Joan married King James I of Scotland, and through this marriage, John was an ancestor of the House of Stuart and of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her descendants who were British royal rulers. Katherine Swynford, John of Gaunt and Henry VIII Henry VIII was descended from John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford: on his mothers side (Elizabeth of York) through Joan Beaufort and on his fathers side (Henry VII) through John Beaufort. Henry VIIIs first wife Catherine of Aragon was a great-great-granddaughter to Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt by his first wife Blanche. Catherine was also a great-granddaughter of Catherine of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt by his second wife Constance of Castile. Henry VIIIs sixth wife Catherine Parr was descended from Joan Beaufort. Family Background: Father: Payn Roet or Roelt (also known as Paganus Ruet), a knight in the service of Philippa of Hainaut, queen consort of  Edward III of EnglandMother: unknownSiblings included:Philippa Roelt who married English writer Geoffrey ChaucerIsabel de Roet, who headed the convent of St. Waudru in MonsWalter de Roet, who was left in Queen Philippas care when Payn Roelt died Marriage, Children: Hugh Ottes Swynford, knightSir Thomas SwynfordMargaret Swynford (according to some sources); Margaret became a nun in the same house as her cousin Elizabeth, daughter of Philippa de Roet and Geoffrey ChaucerBlanche SwynfordJohn of Gaunt, son of Edward IIIJohn Beaufort, Earl of Somerset (about 1373 - March 16, 1410), paternal grandfather of the mother of Henry VII (Tudor),  Margaret BeaufortHenry Beaufort, Cardinal-Bishop of Winchester (about 1374 - April 11, 1447)Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (about 1377 - December 31, 1426)Joan Beaufort (about 1379 - November 13, 1440), married (1) Robert Ferrers, Baron Boteler of Wem, and (2) Ralph de Neville, Earl of Westmorland. Cecily Neville, a figure in the Wars of the Roses, was a daughter of Ralph de Neville and Joan Beaufort.

Nathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown - 1543 Words

In Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will break down the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne s ability to write stories using complex language and early Puritan society narratives has always been a topic of study among scholars and young adults. Young Goodman Brown explores the idea of good vs. evil and†¦show more content†¦Hawthorne came from a line of staunch Puritans. This included William Hathorne, who was involved in the persecution of many Quakers during the seventeenth century. Additionally, William Hathorne s son, John Hathorne (Nathaniel s father), was a judge during the Salem witch trials. Because of this, Hawthorne added the ‘w to his name in hopes of separating himself from the acts of his ancestors (Bomarito). This gesture is monumental when looking at Hawthorne s moral stance of good vs. evil. In removing himself from his family history, Hawthorne is solidifying his views on the persecution of humans, his views on witchcraft and his opinion about what really makes a man ‘godly . Because both his father and grandfather worked in accordance with Puritan doctrine and faith, it is obvious that Hawthorne does not necessarily believe that the men who are the most pious are the most good. This veers away from the popular idea that religion, and God, are inherently good. In Young Goodman Brown this concept becomes especially prominent. The main character, and who the short story is named after, is leaving his wife, Faith, to attend a function which is taking place in the deepest parts of the forest. Goodman Brown is a spiritual man and, much like Hawthorne, is descended from a line of devout Christians. When heShow MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1065 Words à ‚  |  5 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown, most of us will readily agree that duplicity is a major theme in the piece, or the idea of different versions of reality. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of whether Hawthorne is implying that man is inherently evil. Whereas some are convinced that Young Goodman Brown was good until tainted by the Devil, others maintain that he was evil from the beginning and was completely aware of the evil heRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown905 Words   |  4 PagesThough Nathaniel Hawthorne is an author of many great works, his short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† still stays relevant because it has themes and subjects that are relatable in today s world. In the story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Goodman Brown leaves his wife Faith, to go into the woods near Salem to have a meeting with the devil. Appearance vs. reality is shown in â€Å"Y oung Goodman Brown† through the plot, the character of Goody Cloyse, and the symbol of the maple staff. The characterRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1312 Words   |  6 PagesWithin Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story Young Goodman Brown (p.317), Young Goodman Brown travels through a dark and mysterious forest late at night. Ignoring the pleas of his pure wife Faith, he ventures deep into the woods with many dangers around him, only to emerge in the morning a changed man with bewildered views on his own Puritan life and the Puritan community around him. At the cause for this change in mindset, the dream of an old man symbolizing the devil appears, showing him the communityRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† the devil says, â€Å"Evil is the nature of mankind† (â€Å"Young† 627). Since Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit and attempted to hide conceal their sin from God, humans have tried to hide their sin from others. Although ever yone sin is human nature, everyone has a different reaction to sin. While some acknowledge sin, others ignore it. In Hawthorne’s other short story, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Father Hooper wears a black veil to represent the sin heRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story that is filled with symbols and mystery. Nathaniel Hawthorne provides plenty forms of symbolism for readers to digest. Hawthorne displays strong faith as the greatest virtue for a man or woman, and when the faith is compromised, one can be filled with skepticism and uncertainty towards the rest of the world. The story begins as a conventional allegory, creating the expectation that the characters will be able to consistently display the abstractions they symbolizeRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1695 Words   |  7 Pagesstory, Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne is set in Puritan New England. Hawthorne uses symbolism, description, scenery, and Goodman’s journey to illustrate and symbolize the battle of good versus evil. In the first scene, we see how Young Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to start on his â€Å"evil† journey through the woods. Though Faith asks him to stay with her, he chooses to continue on even though he knows the evilness lies ahead. As the story continues, we see how Hawthorne uses FaithRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1492 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man’s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will breakdown the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society, and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than NathanielRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown2532 Words   |  11 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† demonstrates how Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to do an errand within the woods with a man that is believed to be the devil. During the time period in which this took place, the 1620’s, many of the people from the village were practicing Puritanism. Puritanism is an intense practice of religion retrieved from Protestants, only removing its Catholic influence. When Goodman Brown entered the woods to meet the devil, he soon turned intoRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown894 Words   |  4 Pagesread. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, I found several romanticism characteristics to be in this story. One being, the emphasis on feelings and emotions. Nathaniel Hawthorne writes, â€Å"The cry of grief, rage, and terror was yet piercing through the night, when the unhappy husband held his breath for a response.† The cry of anguish and pain are very applicable to the protagonist idea in this story. Brown also expresses feeling when he doesn t want to leave his wife Faith, but he feels that it s his role toRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1975 Words   |  8 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne, is the author of the short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† that was written in 1835 (Baym 370). Hawthorne was born in Salem Massachusetts on July 4th, 1804. Hawthorne’s ancestors were of the Puritan descent, and among the first settlers of Massachusetts (Baym 370). During his teen years, Hawthorne was reading stories by British novelists Henry Fielding, Tobias S mollet, and Sir Walter Scott. When he was sixteen he wrote his sister of wanting to become an author and relying of support

Concussions Traumatic Brain Injury and Moderate Concussion Free Essays

Concussions A concussion is a clinical syndrome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) also referred to as mild brain injury (MBI), is characterized by immediate but transient posttraumatic impairment of the brain function. Mental confusion, alteration of mental status, and amnesia are hallmarks of concussion symptoms that may or may not also include the loss of consciousness. It temporarily interferes with the way your brain works, and it can affect memory, judgment, reflexes, speech, balance, coordination, and sleep patterns. We will write a custom essay sample on Concussions: Traumatic Brain Injury and Moderate Concussion or any similar topic only for you Order Now A concussion may result when the head hits an object or a moving object strikes the head. A concussion can result from a fall, sports activities, and car accidents. Significant movement of the brain can cause you to lose alertness. How long you remain unconscious may be a sign of the severity of the concussion. However, you don’t always involve a loss of consciousness. Most people who have a concussion never black out. You can have a concussion and not realize it. There are three grades to scale a concussions severity. Grade 1 is considered a mild concussion that has no loss of consciousness; posttraumatic amnesia lasting less than thirty minutes. Post concussion signs and symptoms other than amnesia lasting less than twenty-four hours. Grade 2 is a moderate concussion, loss of consciousness lasting less than one minute. Posttraumatic amnesia lasting longer than thirty minutes but less than twenty-four hours: postconcussion signs and symptoms lasting longer than twenty-four hours but less than seven days. Grade 3 is a severe concussion, which consist of loss of consciousness lasting more than one minute or posttraumatic amnesia lasting longer than twenty-four hours. The postconcussion signs and symptoms will last longer than seven days. There are several things a doctor can do to test an athlete or a patient for a concussion. The doctor will perform a physical exam and check your nervous system. There may be changes in your pupil size, thinking ability, coordination, and reflexes. Tests that may be performed include: EEG  which is a brain wave test it may be needed if seizures continue, head CT  scan, and MRI of the head. Many signs that a doctor can look for are altered levels of consciousness such as drowsy, hard to arouse, or similar changes, confusion or feeling spacey, headache, loss of consciousness, memory loss such as events before the injury or immediately after, nausea or vomiting, seeing flashing lights, and feeling like you have â€Å"lost time†. If the concussion occurred during a sporting event and resulted in a headache, confusion, or change in alertness, a trained person must determine when that person can return to playing sports. Healing or recovering from a concussion takes time. It may take days, weeks, or even months. You may be irritable, have trouble concentrating, unable to remember things, headaches, dizziness, and blurry vision. These problems will probably go away slowly. You may want to get help from family or friends before making important decisions. There is a testing that is call ImPACT testing that you test each athlete before physical activity. ImPact stands for Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing. Then in the case of a concussion they can take the athletes after and retest them on their memory skills. ImPACT provides computerized neurocognitive assessment tools and services that are used by medical doctors, psychologists, athletic trainers and other licensed healthcare professionals to assist them in determining an athlete’s ability to return to play after suffering a concussion. How to cite Concussions: Traumatic Brain Injury and Moderate Concussion, Papers